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Type 2 Diabetes - CYP
Type 2 diabetes is becoming more common with children and young people who are overweight or obese. In type 2 diabetes, the body produces some insulin, but either it's not enough, or the body's cells are resistant to its effects. It is often linked to lifestyle factors, genetics, and ethnicity.
- Being overweight or obese is a significant risk factor.
- Low levels of physical activity increase risk.
- Diets high in processed foods and sugary drinks are associated with an increased risk.
- Risk is higher if a parent or sibling has Type 2 diabetes.
- Being born to a mother who had gestational diabetes increases a child's risk.
- Certain groups, including Black, Hispanic, American Indian, Asian American, and Pacific Islander people, have a higher risk.
Signs & Symptoms
- Toilet: Frequent urination, new-onset bedwetting, or heavier diapers in babies.
- Thirsty: Excessive, unquenchable thirst.
- Tired: Unusual fatigue and lack of energy.
- Thinner: Unexplained weight loss.
Other Signs and Symptoms
- Feeling hungry more often, though this can sometimes be mild.
- Cuts and sores that take a long time to heal.
- Blurred vision - a result of eye dryness due to high blood sugar.
- Getting infections more often than usual.
- Dark, thickened skin - a skin condition called acanthosis nigricans, which causes dark, velvety patches on the skin, particularly in the neck, armpits, and groin.
- Behavioural changes – a decrease in school performance or impaired growth.
If you/your child has any of these symptoms, contact your GP for a blood test to check for diabetes.
Treatment
- A healthy, balanced diet and regular exercise to manage weight.
- Metformin - The most common initial medication for children with Type 2 diabetes.
- Insulin may be needed in more severe cases.
- There are other medications such as GLP-1 agonists, available for some adolescents.
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