Accessibility ToolsWolfram Syndrome
Wolfram Syndrome is a rare genetic condition that usually starts in childhood or early adulthood. It affects multiple parts of the body and is sometimes called DIDMOAD, which stands for:
- Diabetes Insipidus
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Optic Atrophy (vision loss)
- Deafness
People with Wolfram Syndrome typically develop type 1 diabetes at a young age, followed by progressive vision and hearing problems.
Other features can include problems with the bladder, balance, and the nervous system.
Wolfram Syndrome is caused by changes in certain genes and runs in families. There is currently no cure, but doctors can help manage symptoms and support overall health, including blood sugar control, eye and ear care, and monitoring for other complications.
The symptoms of Wolfram Syndrome usually develop gradually and may include:
- Early-onset diabetes mellitus (high blood sugar)
- Vision problems such as blurred vision, loss of color perception, or progressive blindness
- Hearing loss that may develop during childhood or adolescence
- Excessive thirst and urination (diabetes insipidus)
- Bladder or kidney problems due to nerve involvement
- Balance or coordination issues
- Other neurological symptoms such as fatigue, mood changes, or memory difficulties
Treatment focuses on managing the individual symptoms:
- Diabetes management - insulin therapy and blood sugar monitoring
- Vision and hearing support - regular eye and ear check-ups; use of glasses, hearing aids, or other assistive devices
- Bladder and kidney care - monitoring and treatment for urinary problems
- Neurological and general support - physical therapy, occupational therapy, and regular follow-up with specialists
Contact your GP or healthcare team if you notice:
- Sudden changes in blood sugar control
- Worsening vision or hearing loss
- Urinary problems or difficulty controlling bladder function
- Balance issues, dizziness, or neurological symptoms
Seek urgent medical attention if you experience:
- Severe high or low blood sugar levels
- Sudden vision loss
- Severe dehydration or confusion
