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Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY)
Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a rare inherited form of diabetes. It is caused by a change in a single gene. This means it can run strongly in families. MODY is different from type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It is often diagnosed before the age of 25, but it can be found later in life too. Getting the right diagnosis matters because treatment depends on the type of MODY.
Types of MODY
- Treatment depends on the specific genetic change and can include lifestyle changes, medicines taken by mouth, such as sulphonylureas, or insulin.
Some common types of MODY include:
- HNF1A-MODY (MODY3) — the most common type. This affects insulin production and often responds well to low dose sulphonylureas.
- GCK-MODY (MODY2) — usually causes mild, stable high blood sugar levels from birth. Treatment is often not needed.
- HNF4A-MODY (MODY1) — similar to HNF1A-MODY. It can also be associated with macrosomia, which means a baby is larger than average at birth.
- HNF1B-MODY (MODY5) — often called renal cysts and diabetes syndrome. This is linked with kidney abnormalities and may need insulin treatment.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the specific genetic change and can include lifestyle changes, medicines taken by mouth, such as sulphonylureas, or insulin.